Introduction: Osteoporosis in men similarly contribute to significant morbidity and mortality-associated fractures. However, these are commonly under diagnosed and under treated with still considerable limited studies.
Materials & methods: A retrospective analytical study was conducted among male patients at the University of Santo Tomas Hospital (USTH). Age, body mass index (BMI), co-morbidities, tobacco smoking history, physical inactivity, medication intake, history of trauma or fractures, Osteoporosis Self Assessment Tools for Asians (OSTA) and FRAX scores were gathered and analyzed.
Results: A total of 219 males who underwent DXA scan were included in the study where majority are Filipinos (77.6%), with age ranges between 22 and 92 years old (mean age of 64.58 ± 14.42 SD). The average BMI score was 24.78 kg/m2, where more than a third were overweight (33.3%) and a few were obese (11%). More than half were more than 70 years old (64.8%). The average BMD T-score was -1.65 ±1.30 or osteopenia. There was 39.7% who have low bone mass or osteopenia, 26% have osteoporosis and 19.2% had severe osteoporosis. Among the risk factors, 9 patients had weight loss of more than 10% (30%), smokers (32%), had inadequate calcium intake (33.3%), 4.6% had a family history of osteoporosis, and 21.5% have history of traumatic fractures. For the concomitant medications, 53% were on steroids, while 1.8% were on androgen deprivation therapy. Among the risk factors, age, family history of osteoporosis and history of fracture showed significant differences.
Discussions: Osteoporosis has been under diagnosed due to its lack of evident symptoms especially among the elderly. This study showed that even men less than 60 years old has somewhat comparable prevalence to those more than 70 years old. This suggests that Filipino has lower threshold for screening Filipino men. The overall prevalence of osteoporosis was 26% while osteopenia was at 39% depending on their age, BMI and BMD results consistent with other studies seen in Brazil and Denmark. BMI is positively correlated with osteoporosis while age is inversely correlated with osteoporosis.
Conclusion: The prevalence of osteoporosis among men in this study is 26%. Age and BMI were contradicting risk factors that had significant effect on osteoporosis. Among the risk factors, only age, history of fracture and family history of osteoporosis showed significant increase in relation to fracture risk.
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